Restrict notification action links to application paths

src/govoplan_notifications/backend/schemas.py

@@ -3,12 +3,28 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from datetime import datetime
 from typing import Any, Literal
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field, field_validator
 
 
 NotificationStatus = Literal["pending", "queued", "sending", "sent", "failed", "skipped", "cancelled"]
 
 
+def normalize_notification_action_url(value: str | None) -> str | None:
+    if value is None:
+        return None
+    candidate = value.strip()
+    if not candidate:
+        return None
+    if (
+        not candidate.startswith("/")
+        or candidate.startswith("//")
+        or "\\" in candidate
+        or any(ord(character) < 32 or ord(character) == 127 for character in candidate)
+    ):
+        raise ValueError("Notification action URL must be an application-relative path")
+    return candidate
+
+
 class NotificationCreateRequest(BaseModel):
     model_config = ConfigDict(extra="forbid")
 
@@ -31,6 +47,11 @@ class NotificationCreateRequest(BaseModel):
     payload: dict[str, Any] = Field(default_factory=dict)
     metadata: dict[str, Any] = Field(default_factory=dict)
 
+    @field_validator("action_url")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_action_url(cls, value: str | None) -> str | None:
+        return normalize_notification_action_url(value)
+
 
 class NotificationUpdateRequest(BaseModel):
     model_config = ConfigDict(extra="forbid")

src/govoplan_notifications/backend/service.py

@@ -12,7 +12,12 @@ from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 from govoplan_core.core.notifications import NotificationDispatchRequest
 from govoplan_core.db.base import utcnow
 from govoplan_notifications.backend.db.models import NotificationDeliveryAttempt, NotificationMessage, NotificationPreference
-from govoplan_notifications.backend.schemas import NotificationCreateRequest, NotificationPreferencesUpdateRequest, NotificationUpdateRequest
+from govoplan_notifications.backend.schemas import (
+    NotificationCreateRequest,
+    NotificationPreferencesUpdateRequest,
+    NotificationUpdateRequest,
+    normalize_notification_action_url,
+)
 
 
 class NotificationError(ValueError):
@@ -81,6 +86,15 @@ def _clean_source_modules(values: list[str]) -> list[str]:
     return cleaned
 
 
+def _safe_notification_action_url(value: str | None) -> str | None:
+    try:
+        return normalize_notification_action_url(value)
+    except ValueError:
+        # Legacy rows predate action URL validation. Never project an unsafe
+        # stored value back into a clickable browser link.
+        return None
+
+
 def create_notification(
     session: Session,
     *,
@@ -101,7 +115,7 @@ def create_notification(
         subject=payload.subject,
         body_text=payload.body_text,
         body_html=payload.body_html,
-        action_url=payload.action_url,
+        action_url=normalize_notification_action_url(payload.action_url),
         priority=payload.priority,
         not_before_at=payload.not_before_at,
         status="queued" if payload.enqueue_delivery else "pending",
@@ -485,7 +499,7 @@ def notification_response(notification: NotificationMessage) -> dict[str, Any]:
         "subject": notification.subject,
         "body_text": notification.body_text,
         "body_html": notification.body_html,
-        "action_url": notification.action_url,
+        "action_url": _safe_notification_action_url(notification.action_url),
         "priority": notification.priority,
         "status": notification.status,
         "not_before_at": response_datetime(notification.not_before_at),

tests/test_notifications.py

@@ -18,7 +18,14 @@ from govoplan_notifications.backend.capabilities import dispatch_capability
 from govoplan_notifications.backend.db.models import NotificationDeliveryAttempt, NotificationMessage, NotificationPreference
 from govoplan_notifications.backend.router import api_get_notification, api_list_notifications, api_notification_summary, api_update_notification
 from govoplan_notifications.backend.schemas import NotificationCreateRequest, NotificationPreferencesUpdateRequest, NotificationUpdateRequest
-from govoplan_notifications.backend.service import create_notification, deliver_pending, notification_preferences_response, notification_summary, update_notification_preferences
+from govoplan_notifications.backend.service import (
+    create_notification,
+    deliver_pending,
+    notification_preferences_response,
+    notification_response,
+    notification_summary,
+    update_notification_preferences,
+)
 
 
 class NotificationServiceTests(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -187,6 +194,53 @@ class NotificationServiceTests(unittest.TestCase):
                 session.commit()
             enqueue.assert_not_called()
 
+    def test_action_url_accepts_only_application_relative_paths(self) -> None:
+        payload = self._inbox_payload(recipient_id="user-1", subject="Safe action")
+        safe = payload.model_copy(update={"action_url": "/calendar?event=event-1#details"})
+        self.assertEqual(
+            NotificationCreateRequest.model_validate(safe.model_dump()).action_url,
+            "/calendar?event=event-1#details",
+        )
+
+        for action_url in (
+            "javascript:alert(1)",
+            "data:text/html,unsafe",
+            "file:///etc/passwd",
+            "custom:unsafe",
+            "https://attacker.example.test/collect",
+            "//attacker.example.test/collect",
+            "/\\attacker.example.test/collect",
+            "/calendar\nmalformed",
+        ):
+            with self.subTest(action_url=action_url):
+                with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "application-relative path"):
+                    NotificationCreateRequest.model_validate(
+                        {**payload.model_dump(), "action_url": action_url}
+                    )
+
+        bypassed_validation = NotificationCreateRequest.model_construct(
+            **{**payload.model_dump(), "action_url": "javascript:alert(1)"}
+        )
+        with self.Session() as session:
+            with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "application-relative path"):
+                create_notification(
+                    session,
+                    tenant_id="tenant-1",
+                    payload=bypassed_validation,
+                )
+
+    def test_legacy_unsafe_action_url_is_not_projected_as_a_link(self) -> None:
+        with self.Session() as session:
+            notification = create_notification(
+                session,
+                tenant_id="tenant-1",
+                payload=self._inbox_payload(recipient_id="user-1", subject="Legacy action"),
+            )
+            notification.action_url = "javascript:alert(1)"
+            session.flush()
+
+            self.assertIsNone(notification_response(notification)["action_url"])
+
     def test_delivery_task_is_enqueued_only_after_notification_commit(self) -> None:
         with patch("govoplan_notifications.backend.service._enqueue_celery_delivery") as enqueue:
             with self.Session() as session:

webui/package.json

@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@
     },
     "./styles/notifications.css": "./src/styles/notifications.css"
   },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test:action-url": "rm -rf .component-test-build && mkdir -p .component-test-build && printf '{\"type\":\"commonjs\"}\\n' > .component-test-build/package.json && tsc -p tsconfig.tests.json && node .component-test-build/tests/action-url.test.js"
+  },
   "peerDependencies": {
     "@govoplan/core-webui": "^0.1.8",
     "lucide-react": "^1.23.0",

webui/src/features/notifications/NotificationCenterPage.tsx

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from "react";
 import { Bell, Check, ExternalLink, RefreshCw, Send, XCircle } from "lucide-react";
 import { Button, DismissibleAlert, hasScope, type ApiSettings, type AuthInfo } from "@govoplan/core-webui";
 import { deliverPendingNotifications, listNotifications, updateNotification, type NotificationMessage } from "../../api/notifications";
+import { safeNotificationActionUrl } from "../../security/actionUrl";
 
 type StatusFilter = "all" | "pending" | "queued" | "sent" | "failed" | "skipped" | "cancelled";
 
@@ -171,6 +172,7 @@ export default function NotificationCenterPage({ settings, auth }: { settings: A
 }
 
 function NotificationDetails({ notification }: { notification: NotificationMessage }) {
+  const actionUrl = safeNotificationActionUrl(notification.action_url);
   return (
     <div className="notifications-detail">
       <section className="notifications-message">
@@ -181,8 +183,8 @@ function NotificationDetails({ notification }: { notification: NotificationMessa
         </div>
         <h1>{notification.subject || notification.event_kind}</h1>
         {notification.body_text ? <p>{notification.body_text}</p> : <p className="muted">No message body was provided.</p>}
-        {notification.action_url ? (
+        {actionUrl ? (
-          <a className="notifications-action-link" href={notification.action_url}>
+          <a className="notifications-action-link" href={actionUrl}>
             <ExternalLink size={16} /> Open related item
           </a>
         ) : null}

webui/src/security/actionUrl.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+export function safeNotificationActionUrl(value: string | null | undefined): string | null {
+  const candidate = value?.trim();
+  if (
+    !candidate
+    || !candidate.startsWith("/")
+    || candidate.startsWith("//")
+    || candidate.includes("\\")
+    || [...candidate].some((character) => {
+      const codePoint = character.codePointAt(0) ?? 0;
+      return codePoint < 32 || codePoint === 127;
+    })
+  ) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  return candidate;
+}

webui/tests/action-url.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import { safeNotificationActionUrl } from "../src/security/actionUrl";
+
+function assertEqual(actual: unknown, expected: unknown, message: string): void {
+  if (actual !== expected) {
+    throw new Error(`${message}: expected ${String(expected)}, got ${String(actual)}`);
+  }
+}
+
+assertEqual(
+  safeNotificationActionUrl(" /calendar?event=event-1#details "),
+  "/calendar?event=event-1#details",
+  "application-relative links remain available"
+);
+
+for (const unsafe of [
+  "javascript:alert(1)",
+  "data:text/html,unsafe",
+  "https://attacker.example.test/collect",
+  "//attacker.example.test/collect",
+  "/\\attacker.example.test/collect",
+  "/calendar\nmalformed",
+  "/calendar\u007fmalformed"
+]) {
+  assertEqual(safeNotificationActionUrl(unsafe), null, `unsafe link is suppressed: ${unsafe}`);
+}
+
+assertEqual(safeNotificationActionUrl(null), null, "missing links remain absent");

webui/tsconfig.tests.json

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "target": "ES2022",
+    "module": "CommonJS",
+    "moduleResolution": "Node",
+    "strict": true,
+    "esModuleInterop": true,
+    "skipLibCheck": true,
+    "outDir": ".component-test-build",
+    "rootDir": "."
+  },
+  "include": [
+    "src/security/actionUrl.ts",
+    "tests/action-url.test.ts"
+  ]
+}