from __future__ import annotations

from contextlib import contextmanager
from dataclasses import dataclass
import json
import os
from pathlib import Path
import threading
import time
from typing import Iterator

from app.config import settings

try:
    import fcntl
except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover - this app currently targets Linux/macOS dev hosts
    fcntl = None  # type: ignore[assignment]


class DatabaseWriteBusy(RuntimeError):
    def __init__(self, operation: str, active: dict[str, object] | None = None) -> None:
        self.operation = operation
        self.active = active or {}
        active_operation = self.active.get("operation")
        detail = f"Database is busy with another write operation"
        if active_operation:
            detail += f": {active_operation}"
        super().__init__(detail)


@dataclass(frozen=True)
class DatabaseWriteState:
    locked: bool
    operation: str | None = None
    pid: int | None = None
    started_at: float | None = None

    @property
    def elapsed_seconds(self) -> float | None:
        if self.started_at is None:
            return None
        return max(0.0, time.time() - self.started_at)


_process_write_lock = threading.Lock()
_state_lock = threading.Lock()
_state = DatabaseWriteState(locked=False)


def is_sqlite_database() -> bool:
    return settings.is_sqlite_database


@contextmanager
def database_write_lock(operation: str, timeout: float | None = None) -> Iterator[None]:
    """Serialize SQLite writes inside and across app processes.

    SQLite allows only one writer. This lock prevents mutating endpoints from
    competing until SQLite times out with a low-level "database is locked" error.
    """
    if not is_sqlite_database():
        yield
        return

    effective_timeout = settings.database_write_lock_timeout_seconds if timeout is None else timeout
    deadline = None if effective_timeout is None else time.monotonic() + max(0.0, effective_timeout)
    if not _acquire_process_lock(deadline):
        raise DatabaseWriteBusy(operation, database_write_status().__dict__)

    handle = None
    file_locked = False
    try:
        lock_path = _lock_path()
        lock_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        handle = _open_locked_handle(lock_path, deadline)
        if handle is None:
            raise DatabaseWriteBusy(operation, _read_lock_metadata(lock_path))
        file_locked = True
        _write_lock_metadata(handle, operation)
        _set_state(DatabaseWriteState(locked=True, operation=operation, pid=os.getpid(), started_at=time.time()))
        yield
    finally:
        _set_state(DatabaseWriteState(locked=False))
        if handle is not None:
            if file_locked and fcntl is not None:
                try:
                    fcntl.flock(handle.fileno(), fcntl.LOCK_UN)
                except OSError:
                    pass
            handle.close()
            if file_locked:
                try:
                    _lock_path().unlink()
                except FileNotFoundError:
                    pass
                except OSError:
                    pass
        _process_write_lock.release()


def database_write_status() -> DatabaseWriteState:
    with _state_lock:
        return _state


def _acquire_process_lock(deadline: float | None) -> bool:
    while True:
        if _process_write_lock.acquire(blocking=False):
            return True
        if deadline is not None and time.monotonic() >= deadline:
            return False
        time.sleep(0.05)


def _acquire_file_lock(handle, deadline: float | None) -> bool:
    if fcntl is None:
        return True
    while True:
        try:
            fcntl.flock(handle.fileno(), fcntl.LOCK_EX | fcntl.LOCK_NB)
            return True
        except BlockingIOError:
            if deadline is not None and time.monotonic() >= deadline:
                return False
            time.sleep(0.05)


def _open_locked_handle(lock_path: Path, deadline: float | None):
    while True:
        try:
            lock_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
            handle = lock_path.open("a+", encoding="utf-8")
        except FileNotFoundError:
            if deadline is not None and time.monotonic() >= deadline:
                return None
            time.sleep(0.05)
            continue
        if _try_file_lock(handle):
            return handle
        metadata = _read_lock_metadata(lock_path)
        handle.close()
        if not _lock_metadata_is_stale(metadata):
            if deadline is not None and time.monotonic() >= deadline:
                return None
            time.sleep(0.05)
            continue
        try:
            lock_path.unlink()
        except FileNotFoundError:
            pass
        except OSError:
            return None
        if deadline is not None and time.monotonic() >= deadline:
            return None


def _try_file_lock(handle) -> bool:
    if fcntl is None:
        return True
    try:
        fcntl.flock(handle.fileno(), fcntl.LOCK_EX | fcntl.LOCK_NB)
    except BlockingIOError:
        return False
    return True


def _lock_metadata_is_stale(metadata: dict[str, object]) -> bool:
    pid = metadata.get("pid")
    try:
        pid_int = int(pid)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
    except (TypeError, ValueError):
        return False
    if pid_int <= 0 or pid_int == os.getpid():
        return False
    return not _pid_exists(pid_int)


def _pid_exists(pid: int) -> bool:
    try:
        os.kill(pid, 0)
    except ProcessLookupError:
        return False
    except PermissionError:
        return True
    return True


def _set_state(state: DatabaseWriteState) -> None:
    global _state
    with _state_lock:
        _state = state


def _lock_path() -> Path:
    return settings.data_dir / "workbench.write.lock"


def _write_lock_metadata(handle, operation: str) -> None:
    handle.seek(0)
    handle.truncate()
    json.dump({"operation": operation, "pid": os.getpid(), "started_at": time.time()}, handle, separators=(",", ":"))
    handle.flush()
    os.fsync(handle.fileno())


def _read_lock_metadata(path: Path) -> dict[str, object]:
    try:
        text = path.read_text(encoding="utf-8").strip()
        return json.loads(text) if text else {}
    except (OSError, json.JSONDecodeError):
        return {}